"pertaining to punishment," mid-15c., from Old French peinal (12c., Modern French pénal) and directly from Medieval Latin penalis, from Latin poenalis "pertaining to punishment," from poena "punishment," from Greek poine "blood-money, fine, penalty, punishment," from PIE *kwoina, from root *kwei- "to pay, atone, compensate" (cognates: Greek time "price, worth, honor, esteem, respect," tinein "to pay a price, punish, take vengeance;" Sanskrit cinoti "observes, notes;" Avestan kaena "punishment, vengeance;" Old Church Slavonic cena "honor, price;" Lithuanian kaina "value, price").
例文
1. the penal system
刑罰制度
2.Parliament may legislate on any matter of penal law.
議会は刑事法律のいかなる事項に対しても立法することができる。
3.The punishments for robbery and murder are prescribed in the penal code.
強盗と殺人に対する処罰は刑法に明文化されている。
4.He visited various penal institutions in the United Kingdom in the late 1930 s.
1930年代末、英国のさまざまな受刑者施設を訪れた。
5.After his experience in jail，he has a pretty janundiced view of the penal system.