penny

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おそらくラテン語のpanna（小皿）から借用したもので、語源的にはpanと同じ、つまり小皿のような形をしている。

penny

penny: [OE] Penny comes from a prehistoric Germanic *panninggaz, which also produced German pfennig and Dutch and Swedish penning. It has been speculated that this was derived from *pand- ‘pledge, security’, which also produced English pawn – in which case it would denote etymologically a ‘coin used in transactions involving the pledging of a sum as security’.
=> pawn

penny (n.)

Old English pening, penig, Northumbrian penning "penny," from Proto-Germanic *panninggaz (cognates: Old Norse penningr, Swedish p?nning, Danish penge, Old Frisian panning, Old Saxon pending, Middle Dutch pennic, Dutch penning, Old High German pfenning, German Pfennig, not recorded in Gothic, where skatts is used instead), of unknown origin.

Offa's reformed coinage on light, broad flans is likely to have begun c.760-5 in London, with an awareness of developments in Francia and East Anglia. ... The broad flan penny established by Offa remained the principal denomination, with only minor changes, until the fourteenth century. [Anna Gannon, "The Iconography of Early Anglo-Saxon Coinage," Oxford, 2003]

The English coin was originally set at one-twelfth of a shilling and was of silver, later copper, then bronze. There are two plural forms: pennies of individual coins, pence collectively. In translations it rendered various foreign coins of small denomination, especially Latin denarius, whence comes its abbreviation d.

As American English colloquial for cent, it is recorded from 1889. Penny-a-liner "writer for a journal or newspaper" is attested from 1834. Penny dreadful "cheap and gory fiction" dates from c. 1870. Phrase penny-wise and pound-foolish is recorded from c. 1600. Penny-pincher "miserly person" is recorded from 1906 (as an adjective penny-pinching is recorded from 1858, American English). Penny loafers attested from 1960.

1. The directors of this company feel he 's worth every penny .

この会社の責任者たちは栽培に値すると思っている。

2.Unleaded gasoline rose more than a penny a gallon.

無鉛ガソリンはガロン当たり1分以上上昇した。

3.Government penny ?pinching is blamed for the decline in food standards.

政府のケチが食品基準の低下の原因だと指摘されている。

4. Penny 's only son was the apple of her eye.

ペニーの一人息子は彼女の心臓の宝物だ。

5. The operation cost ￡100,000 and it was worth every penny .

その手術は10万ポンドかかったが、非常に価値があった。