pessimism

• n. 悲観主義、悲観主義; 人間嫌い

ラテン語のpessimus, bottom, worstから、PIE*ped, footから、語源的にはfoot, biped.-im, highestの後置詞、語源的にはmaximum, optimism.-ism,ism,thoughtと同じ。語源は foot（足）、bottom（底）、under（下）、後に pessimism（悲観主義）、pessimism（悲観主義）から。

pessimism

pessimism: [18] The first English writer on record as using pessimism was the poet Coleridge, in the 1790s. But he employed it for the ‘worst possible state’. The modern sense ‘expecting the worst’ did not emerge until the early 19th century. The word was probably coined first in French, and was based on Latin pessimus ‘worst’.

pessimism (n.)

1794 "worst condition possible," borrowed (by Coleridge) from French pessimisme, formed (on model of French optimisme) from Latin pessimus "worst," originally "bottom-most," from PIE *ped-samo-, superlative of root *pes- "foot," from PIE root *ped- (1) "a foot" (see foot (n.)). As a name given to the doctrines of Schopenhauer, Hartmann, etc., that this is the worst possible world, or that everything tends toward evil, it is first recorded 1835, from German pessimismus (Schopenhauer, 1819). The attempt to make a verb of it as pessimize (1862) did not succeed.

1. Optimism was gradually taking the place of pessimism .

楽観的な感情が悲観主義に取って代わってきている。

2.There is a mood of pessimsm in the company about future job prospects.

会社には、仕事の将来性を悲観する気持ちがある。

3.There were good grounds for pessimism about future progress.

将来の発展を悲観するには十分な根拠がある。

4.There was a note of pessimism in what he said.

彼の話は悲観的な調子を持っている。

5.He displayed his usual pessimism .

彼はいつもの悲観を漏らした。