pool

• n. 協会、プール、貯水池、共同基金
• vi. 組合、パートナーシップ
• vt. パートナーシップ
• n. （プール）人名；（英?独）プール；（フィン?独）プール

古英語 pol, pool から、西ゲルマン語 *pol, pond から、PIE *bale, swamp から、おそらく PIE *beu, to bulge, swell から、語源的には ball, pock から。

jeu de la pouleと呼ばれる中世の闘鶏ゲーム、闘鶏の喜び、jeu、喜び、喜びから。 2羽の鶏が戦うのではなく、1羽の鶏を追い回し、出場者がその鶏に向かって何かを投げ、当たった方が勝ち。お金を賭けたり、負けた方が支払う、後にビリヤードのゲームを指すのに使われ、carpoolのような、集まる、共有する、共同体などを意味する語源のcommon treasuryから派生した。

pool

pool: Pool of water [OE] and pool ‘collective amount’ [17] are distinct words in English. The former comes from a prehistoric West Germanic *pōl-, source also of German pfuhl and Dutch poel. The latter was borrowed from French poule ‘hen’, a descendant of Latin pullus ‘young chicken’ (source also of English pony, poultry, and pullet).

There was a French game called jeu de la poule, the ‘hen game’, involving throwing things at a hen – which you won as a prize if you hit it. Hence poule came to be used figuratively for ‘target’, and also for ‘that which is at stake in a game’ – source of the original meaning of English pool, ‘stake’. This evolved via ‘stake made up of players’ contributions’ to ‘collective amount’ and ‘collective resource’. Pool the snooker-like game is the same word; the game was originally played for a collective stake.
=> foal, pony, poultry, pullet

pool (n.1)

"small body of water," Old English pol "small body of water; deep, still place in a river," from West Germanic *pol- (cognates: Old Frisian and Middle Low German pol, Dutch poel, Old High German pfuol, German Pfuhl). As a short form of swimming pool it is recorded from 1901. Pool party is from 1965.

pool (n.2)

game similar to billiards, 1848, originally (1690s) a card game played for collective stakes (a "pool"), from French poule "stakes, booty, plunder," literally "hen," from Old French poille "hen, young fowl" (see foal (n.)).

Perhaps the original notion is from jeu de la poule, supposedly a game in which people threw things at a chicken and the player who hit it, won it, which speaks volumes about life in the Middle Ages. The notion behind the word, then, is "playing for money." The connection of "hen" and "stakes" is also present in Spanish polla and Walloon paie.

Meaning "collective stakes" in betting first recorded 1869; sense of "common reservoir of resources" is from 1917. Meaning "group of persons who share duties or skills" is from 1928. From 1933 as short for football pool in wagering. Pool shark is from 1898. The phrase dirty pool "underhanded or unsportsmanlike conduct," especially in politics (1951), seems to belong here now, but the phrase dirty pool of politics, with an image of pool (n.1) is recorded from 1871 and was in use early 20c.

pool (v.1)

"to make a common interest, put things into a pool," 1871, from pool (n.2). Related: Pooled; pooling.

pool (v.2)

of liquid, "to form a pool or pools," 1620s, from pool (n.1).

1. She was standing by a pool ，about to dive in.

彼女は池のそばに立って、中に飛び込もうとしている。

2.He drank thirstily from the pool under the rock.

彼は岩の下の水たまりの水を渇きながら飲んでいた。

3.He remembered mowing the lawn，lounging around the swimming pool .

芝生を刈り込み、プールサイドでぶらぶらしている光景を覚えている。

4.People are still hanging out drinking beer，maybe shooting some pool .

人々はまだそこに集まってビールを飲んでいるので、ビリヤードもできるかもしれません。

5.She was found lying in a pool of blood.

彼女は血球の中に横たわっているのを発見された。