qualm

• n. 疑い、不安

古英語のcwealm（死、殺人、拷問）から、語源的にはkill（殺す）、quell（鎮める）と同じ。死ぬほど危険な、恐ろしいという意味の語源が、後に不安な、心配なという意味に弱まった。

qualm (n.)

Old English cwealm (West Saxon) "death, murder, slaughter; disaster; plague; torment," utcualm (Anglian) "utter destruction," probably related to cwellan "to kill, murder, execute," cwelan "to die" (see quell). Sense softened to "feeling of faintness" 1520s; figurative meaning "uneasiness, doubt" is from 1550s; that of "scruple of conscience" is 1640s.

Evidence of a direct path from the Old English to the modern senses is wanting, but it is plausible, via the notion of "fit of sickness." The other suggested etymology, less satisfying, is to take the "fit of uneasiness" sense from Dutch kwalm "steam, vapor, mist" (cognate with German Qualm "smoke, vapor, stupor"), which also might be ultimately from the same Germanic root as quell.

1. Did she see her husband as capable of murder？She had used the word without a qualm .

彼女は自分の夫が人を殺す可能性があると思っているのだろうか。この言葉を使っている間、彼女は少しの不安もなかった。

2.Hurstwood suffered a qualm of body as the car rolled up.

電車が前に出ると、ヘスオアは全身に不安を感じた。

3.The doctor seemed seized with a qualm of faintness.

博士はめまいが発作しているように見える。

4.Lastly she arrived at the tresses and felt a qualm of disgust.

最後に、彼女は髪に言及した文を見て、胸がむかむかした。

5.They never know that exam make us qualm and dissatisfaction.

彼らは永遠に知ることができず、試験は私たちを不安と不満にさせた。