rail

• n. レール；手すり；横木；フェンス
• vi. 文句を言う；懲らしめる
• vt.レールを敷く；横木で囲う

古フランス語のreille, post, pole, rodから、ラテン語のregula, straight pole, small pole, -ula, small suffixから、regere, to straight, to straight, 語源的にはregregrate, rightと同じ。rule、regulateと比較される。

rail

rail: English has three words rail. The oldest, ‘rod, bar’ [13], comes via Old French reille ‘iron bar’ from Latin rēgula ‘straight stick, rod’, source of English regular and rule. The bird-name rail [15] goes back via Old Northern French raille to Vulgar Latin *rascula, which probably originated in imitation of the bird’s hoarse cry.

And rail ‘complain, be abusive’ [15] comes via Old French railler ‘mock’ and Proven?al ralhar ‘scoff’ from Vulgar Latin *ragulāre ‘bray’, an alteration of ragere ‘neigh, roar’. This in turn was a blend of Latin rugīre ‘bellow’ and Vulgar Latin *bragere ‘bray’ (source of English bray [13]). Raillery [17] and rally ‘tease’ [17] come from the same source.
=> regular, rule; bray, rally

rail (n.1)

"horizontal bar passing from one post or support to another," c. 1300, from Old French reille "bolt, bar," from Vulgar Latin *regla, from Latin regula "straight stick," diminutive form related to regere "to straighten, guide" (see regal). Used figuratively for thinness from 1872. To be off the rails in a figurative sense is from 1848, an image from the railroads. In U.S. use, "A piece of timber, cleft, hewed, or sawed, inserted in upright posts for fencing" [Webster, 1830].

rail (n.2)

"small wading bird," mid-15c., from Old French raale (13c.), related to raler "to rattle," of unknown origin, perhaps imitative of its cry.

rail (v.1)

"complain," mid-15c., from Middle French railler "to tease or joke" (15c.), perhaps from Old Proven?al ralhar "scoff, to chat, to joke," from Vulgar Latin *ragulare "to bray" (source also of Italian ragghiare "to bray"), from Late Latin ragere "to roar," probably of imitative origin. See rally (v.2). Related: Railed; railing.

rail (v.2)

"fence in with rails," late 14c., from rail (n.1). Related: Railed; railing.

1. The government is spending billions of dollars on new urban rail projects.

政府は数十億元を新都市鉄道プロジェクトに費やしている。

2.The rail strike is causing major disruptions at the country 's ports.

鉄道ストは同国の港を混乱させた。

3.The sudden onset of winter caused havoc with rail and air transport.

冬の突然の降臨で鉄道や航空輸送システムが混乱した。

4.The president traveled by rail to his home town.

大統領は列車で故郷に帰った。

5. The gloom deepened after a thumping ￡45m loss at British Rail .

英国の鉄道会社が4500万ポンドの巨額損失を受けた後、状況はさらに悪化した。