rank

• n. 列; 順位; 行列
• adj. 不快な; 悪臭を放つ; 繁茂した
• vt. 順位をつける；階級に分ける
• vi. 順位をつける；並べる
• n. （ランク）人の名前；（英語、ドイツ語、フィンランド語、チェコ語）ランク

古フランス語 ranc, row, line から、原ゲルマン語*hringaz, circle, ring から、PIE*sker, bend, turn から、語源 ring, curve と同じ。語源アレンジメント、ランク。

rank

rank: English has two words rank. The one meaning ‘row, line’ [16], and hence ‘position of seniority’, was borrowed from Old French ranc (source also of English range), which goes back via Frankish *hring to a prehistoric Germanic *khrengaz ‘circle, ring’ (ancestor of English ring). Rank ‘absolute, downright’ [OE], as in ‘rank bad manners’, has had an eventful semantic history.

It originally meant ‘haughty’ and ‘full-grown’, and came from a prehistoric Germanic *rangkaz, which also produced Old Norse rakkr ‘erect’. ‘Full-grown’ evolved via ‘growing vigorously, luxuriant’ (which still survives) into ‘gross, disgusting’, on which the present-day intensive usage is based.
=> range, ring

rank (v.)

1570s, "arrange in lines;" 1590s, "put in order, classify; assign a rank to," from rank (n.). Related: Ranked; ranking.

rank (n.)

early 14c., "row, line series;" c. 1400, a row of an army, from Old French renc, ranc "row, line" (Modern French rang), from Frankish *hring or some other Germanic source (compare Old High German hring "circle, ring"), from Proto-Germanic *hringaz "circle, ring, something curved" (see ring (n.1)).

Meaning "a social division, class of persons" is from early 15c. Meaning "high station in society" is from early 15c. Meaning "a relative position" is from c. 1600.

rank (adj.)

Old English ranc "proud, overbearing, showy," from Proto-Germanic *rankaz (cognates: Danish rank "right, upright," German rank "slender," Old Norse rakkr "straight, erect"), perhaps from PIE *reg- "to stretch, straighten" (see right (adj.)). In reference to plant growth, "vigorous, luxuriant, abundant, copious" it is recorded from c. 1300. Related: Rankly; rankness.

Sense evolved in Middle English to "large and coarse" (c. 1300), then, via notion of "excessive and unpleasant," to "corrupt, loathsome, foul" (mid-14c.), perhaps from influence of Middle French rance "rancid." In 17c. also "lewd, lustful."

Much used 16c. as a pejorative intensive (as in rank folly). This is possibly the source of the verb meaning "to reveal another's guilt" (1929, underworld slang), and that of "to harass, abuse," 1934, U.S. black dialect, though this also may be from the role of the activity in establishing social hierarchy (from rank (n.)).

1. Dense smoke swirled and billowed，its rank fumes choking her.

もうもうと煙が渦巻き、悪臭にむせびて息ができなかった。

2.Substantial numbers of rank and file members ignored their union 's advice.

一般従業員の相当数が組合の提案を無視している。

3.There was widespread support for him among the rank and file.

一般の社員たちは彼を支持している。

4.Mr Short does not even rank in the world 's top ten.

ショット氏は世界トップ10にも入っていない。

5.The kitchen was rank with the smell of drying uniforms.

キッチン内には制服を乾かす嫌なにおいが漂っている。