rat

• n.ネズミ；卑劣な奴、裏切り者
• vi.ネズミを捕まえる；裏切る；知らせる
• n. （ラットの）人名；（仏、伊、印、スウェーデンの）ラット；（タイの）ラット

中英語のrat, mouseから、古英語のraet, ratから、原語ゲルマン語*ratto, to scrape, to biteから、PIE*red, to scrape, to biteから、語源的にはrodent, eraserから。

rat

rat: [OE] Rat is a general western European term, with relatives in French rat, Italian ratto, Spanish rata, German ratte, Dutch rat, Swedish r?atta, and Danish rotte. These all come from Vulgar Latin *rattus, whose origin is unknown.

rat (n.)

late Old English r?t "rat," of uncertain origin. Similar words are found in Celtic (Gaelic radan), Romanic (Italian ratto, Spanish rata, French rat) and Germanic (Old Saxon ratta; Dutch rat; German Ratte, dialectal Ratz; Swedish r?tta, Danish rotte) languages, but connection is uncertain and origin unknown. In all this it is very much like cat.

Perhaps from Vulgar Latin *rattus, but Weekley thinks this is of Germanic origin, "the animal having come from the East with the race-migrations" and the word passing thence to the Romanic languages. American Heritage and Tucker connect Old English r?t to Latin rodere and thus PIE *red- "to scrape, scratch, gnaw," source of rodent (q.v.). Klein says there is no such connection and suggests a possible cognate in Greek rhine "file, rasp." Weekley connects them with a question mark and Barnhart writes, "the relationship to each other of the Germanic, Romance, and Celtic words for rat is uncertain." OED says "probable" the rat word spread from Germanic to Romanic, but takes no position on ultimate origin.

RATS. Of these there are the following kinds: a black rat and a grey rat, a py-rat and a cu-rat. ["Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue," Grose, 1788]

Middle English common form was ratton, from augmented Old French form raton. Sense of "one who abandons his associates" (1620s) is from belief that rats leave a ship about to sink or a house about to fall and led to meaning "traitor, informant" (1902; verb 1910). Interjection rats is American English, 1886. To smell a rat is 1540s; "to be put on the watch by suspicion as the cat by the scent of a rat; to suspect danger" [Johnson]. _____-rat, "person who frequents _____" (in earliest reference dock-rat) is from 1864.

rat (v.)

1812, "to desert one's party; 1864 as "to catch rats;" 1910 as "to peach on, inform on, behave dishonestly toward;" from rat (n.). Related: Ratted; ratting.

1. If I don 't send a picture，he will smela rat .

私が写真を送らなければ、彼は気づくだろう。

2.They were accused of encouraging children to rat on their parents.

彼らは子供に自分の両親を告発するようにそそのかされたと告発された。

3.The brown rat has prominent ears and a long scaly tail.

その茶色のネズミは両耳が前に立っていて、長い尾がうろこに覆われている。

4.Captain Hardnose certainly ran that rat over the hill.

ハドノス大尉はもちろんその密告者に退職を求めた。

5.The lab assistant injected the rat with the new drug.

実験室助手がマウスにその新薬を注射した。