refrain

• vi.抑制する；避ける；止める
• n. フレーズ、コーラス、繰り返し

ラテン語のrefrenareから、馬の咀嚼を絞める、絞め殺す、制御する、re-から、後方、後方、frenare、制御する、ロープで絞め殺す、frenumから、手綱、絞め殺す、PIE*dherから、保持する、固定する、語源的にはfirmと同じ、中。

refrain

refrain: Refrain ‘chorus of a song’ [14] and refrain ‘desist’ [14] are different words. The former comes via Old French refrain from Proven?al refranh. This was a derivative of the verb refranhar, which went back via Vulgar Latin *refrangere to Latin refringere ‘break off’ (source of English refract [17]). The etymological notion underlying the word is that the chorus of a song ‘breaks off’ and then resumes. Refrain ‘desist’ is descended from Latin refrēnāre ‘hold back’, a compound verb formed from the prefix re- ‘back’ and frēnum ‘bridle’. It reached English via Old French refrener.
=> fraction, refract

refrain (v.)

mid-14c., from Old French refraigner "restrain, repress, keep in check" (12c., Modern French Réfréner), from Latin refrenare "to bridle, hold in with a bit, check, curb, keep down, control," from re- "back" (see re-) + frenare "restrain, furnish with a bridle," from frenum "a bridle." Related: Refrained; refraining.

refrain (n.)

late 14c., from Old French refrain "chorus" (13c.), alteration of refrait, noun use of past participle of refraindre "repeat," also "break off," from Vulgar Latin *refrangere "break off," alteration of Latin refringere "break up, break open" (see refraction) by influence of frangere "to break." Influenced in French by cognate Proven?al refranhar "singing of birds, refrain." The notion is of something that causes a song to "break off" then resume. OED says not common before 19c.

1. Rosa 's constant refrain is that she doesn 't have a life.

Rosaがいつも繰り返している言葉は、彼女にはまともな生活がないということだ。

2.Please refrain from smoking.

タバコを吸わないでください。

3.I made a terrific effort to refrain from tears.

私は心を鬼にして涙を止めた。

4.How shall I refrain from tears when we part？

私たちが別れたとき、私はどうして涙を抑えることができますか。

5.Please refrain from smoking during the performance.

出演中はタバコを吸わないでください。