rival: [16] A rival is etymologically ‘someone who uses the same stream as another’. The word comes from Latin rīvālis, a noun use of an adjective meaning ‘of a stream’, derived from rīvus ‘stream’ (source of English derive). People who use or live by the same stream are neighbours and hence, human nature being as it is, are usually in competition with each other – hence rival. => derive
rival (n.)
1570s, from Latin rivalis "a rival, adversary in love; neighbor," originally, "of the same brook," from rivus "brook" (see rivulet). "One who is in pursuit of the same object as another." The sense evolution seems to be based on the competitiveness of neighbors: "one who uses the same stream," or "one on the opposite side of the stream" A secondary sense in Latin and sometimes in English was "associate, companion in duty," from the notion of "one having a common right or privilege with another." As an adjective 1580s from the noun.
rival (v.)
c. 1600, from rival (n.). Related: Rivaled; rivaling.
例文
1. Leaders of some rival factions signed a peace agreement last week.
先週、いくつかの敵対派閥の指導者が平和協定を締結した。
2.The national tragedy of rival groups killing each other continued throughout 1990.
敵対派閥同士が殺し合い国家悲劇は1990年を通じて上演された。
3.He polled four times as many votes as his rival .
彼が得た票の数は、候補者の4倍だった。
4.That would make the competition between rival suppliers even deadlier.
それは対立するサプライヤー間の競争をより激しくすることになる。
5.Violent scuffles broke out between rival groups demonstrating for and against independence.