rock

• n.岩；ロッカー；リーフ
• vt. 揺らす；岩のようにする
• vi. 揺らす；揺さぶる
• n.（岩）人の名前；（英、独、洪、伊、スウェーデン語）Rock.

1.岩、石、古英語のrocc、石、岩から、ラテン語のrocca、岩、語源不明。 2.rock、rock、古英語のroccian「揺らす」「揺れる」から、原ゲルマン語*rukkon「揺らす」「回す」から、PIE*rug「回す」から、語源的にはロケット、ラチェットと同じ。

rock

rock: English has two words rock, both of uncertain origin. The older, ‘sway’ [11], goes back to a prehistoric Germanic base *rukk- ‘move’, which also produced German rücken ‘move’ and Dutch rukken ‘pull, jerk’, but beyond that its trail goes cold. Rock ‘stone’ [14] was borrowed from Old French rocque. This has relatives in Italian rocca and Spanish roca, but where it ultimately came from is not known. The French word is also the ultimate source of English rococo.
=> rococo

rock (n.1)

"stone, mass of mineral matter," c. 1300, from Old English rocc (as in stanrocc "stone rock or obelisk") and directly from Old North French roque, which is cognate with Medieval Latin rocca (8c.), from Vulgar Latin *rocca, of uncertain origin, according to Klein sometimes said to be from Celtic (compare Breton roch).

In Middle English it seems to have been used principally for rock formations as opposed to individual stones. Meaning "precious stone, especially a diamond," is 1908, U.S. slang. Meaning "crystallized cocaine" is attested from 1973, in West Coast U.S. slang. Figurative use for "sure foundation" (especially with reference to Christ) is from 1520s; but also from 1520s as "source of danger or destruction," in reference to shipwrecks (as in on the rocks). Also used attributively in names of animals that frequent rocky habitats, as in rock lobster (1843). Between a rock and a hard place first attested 1921:

to be between a rock and a hard place, vb. ph. To be bankrupt. Common in Arizona in recent panics; sporadic in California. ["Dialect Notes," vol. V, part iv, 1921]

Rock-ribbed is from 1776, originally of land; figurative sense of "resolute" first recorded 1887. Rock-happy (1945) was U.S. Pacific Theater armed forces slang for "mentally unhinged after too much time on one island." The rock-scissors-paper game is attested by that name from 1976; from 1968 as paper-stone-scissors. A 1967 source says it is based on Japanese Jan Ken Pon (or Janken for short), which is said to mean the same thing more or less.

rock (v.1)

"to sway," late Old English roccian "move a child gently to and fro," related to Old Norse rykkja "to pull, tear, move," Swedish rycka "to pull, pluck," Middle Dutch rucken, Old High German rucchan, German rücken "to move jerkily."

Meaning "cause to sway back and forth" is from late 13c. Intransitive sense from late 14c. For popular music senses, see rock (v.2). Related: Rocked; rocking. To rock the boat in the figurative sense "stir up trouble" is from 1914. Rock-a-bye first recorded 1805 in nursery rhyme.

rock (v.2)

"to dance to popular music with a strong beat," 1948 (first attested in song title "We're gonna rock"), from rock (v.1), in earlier blues slang sense of "to cause to move with musical rhythm" (1922); often used at first with sexual overtones (as in 1922 song title "My Man Rocks Me (with One Steady Roll)"). Sense developed early 1950s to "play or dance to rock and roll music." Related: Rocked; rocking. Rocksteady, Jamaican pop music style (precursor of reggae), is attested from 1969.

rock (n.2)

"action of rocking; a movement to and fro," 1823, from rock (v.1). As short for rock and roll, by 1957; but sense of "musical rhythm characterized by a strong beat" is from 1946, in blues slang. Rock star attested by 1966.

1. He once told an interviewer that he didn 't even like rock music.

ロックさえ好きではないと取材者に話したことがある。

2.A young man plunged from a sheer rock face to his death.

男性青年が切り立った岩壁から崖から転落して死亡した。

3.Changing stresses bring about more cracking and rock deformation.

絶えず変化する応力は、より多くの破断と岩石変形をもたらす。

4. Rock 'n 'roll has become so commercialised and safe since punk.

ロックはパンク以降商業化されすぎて新味に欠ける。

5.He had been a rock in the shifting sands of her existence.

彼はずっと彼女の曲がりくねった生活の中の中心骨だった。