sabotage

• vt.危害を加える。
• vi.破壊的な活動をする
• n. 破壊工作；サボタージュ；怠慢

サボタージュ（sabotage）、台無しにする、サボット（sabot）、木靴、中仏語のサバテ（savate）、古い靴、サバトン（sabaton）、足の爪、サバテ（savate）、フランス語のレッグキック、チャバタ（ciabatta）、スリッパパンから。現在の言葉の意味は、機械産業が黎明期にあった18世紀から19世紀にかけて、機械に仕事を奪われることを恐れた職人たちが、木靴を機械に投げ込んで邪魔をしたことに由来すると言われている。

sabotage

sabotage: [20] The etymological idea underlying sabotage is of ‘clattering along in noisy shoes’. For its ultimate ancestor is French sabot, a word of unknown origin which means ‘clog’. From it was derived saboter ‘walk along noisily in clogs’, hence (via the notion of ‘clumsiness’) ‘do work badly’, and finally ‘destroy tools, machines, etc deliberately’. This in turn formed the basis of the noun sabotage, which originally denoted the ‘destruction of machinery, etc by factory workers’, but gradually broadened out to include any deliberate disruptive destruction. English acquired it around 1910.

sabotage (n.)

1907 (from 1903 as a French word in English), from French sabotage, from saboter "to sabotage, bungle," literally "walk noisily," from sabot "wooden shoe" (13c.), altered (by association with Old French bot "boot") from Middle French savate "old shoe," from an unidentified source that also produced similar words in Old Proven?al, Portuguese, Spanish (zapata), Italian (ciabatta), Arabic (sabbat), and Basque (zapata).

In French, and at first in English, the sense of "deliberately and maliciously destroying property" originally was in reference to labor disputes, but the oft-repeated story (as old as the record of the word in English) that the modern meaning derives from strikers' supposed tactic of throwing shoes into machinery is not supported by the etymology. Likely it was not meant as a literal image; the word was used in French in a variety of "bungling" senses, such as "to play a piece of music badly." This, too, was the explanation given in some early usages.

SABOTAGE [chapter heading] The title we have prefixed seems to mean "scamping work." It is a device which, we are told, has been adopted by certain French workpeople as a substitute for striking. The workman, in other words, purposes to remain on and to do his work badly, so as to annoy his employer's customers and cause loss to his employer. ["The Liberty Review," January 1907]

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You may believe that sabotage is murder, and so forth, but it is not so at all. Sabotage means giving back to the bosses what they give to us. Sabotage consists in going slow with the process of production when the bosses go slow with the same process in regard to wages. [Arturo M. Giovannitti, quoted in report of the Sagamore Sociological Conference, June 1907]

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In English, "malicious mischief" would appear to be the nearest explicit definition of "sabotage," which is so much more expressive as to be likely of adoption into all languages spoken by nations suffering from this new force in industry and morals. Sabotage has a flavor which is unmistakable even to persons knowing little slang and no French .... ["Century Magazine," November 1910]

sabotage (v.)

1912, from sabotage (n). Related: Sabotaged; sabotaging.

1. One of the journalists queried whether sabotage could have been involved.

ジャーナリストの1人が、人為的な破壊の可能性について尋ねた。

2.He accused the opposition of trying to sabotage the election.

彼は反対派が選挙の進行を妨害しようとしていることを非難した。

3.The bombing was a spectacular act of sabotage .

この爆撃は大規模な故意破壊行為である。

4.The fire at the factory was caused by sabotage .

その工場の火災は誰かが故意に破壊したことによるものだった。

5.They tried to sabotage my birthday party.

彼らは私の誕生日パーティーを破壊しようとしている。