sap

• n. [植物]樹液；エネルギー、活力；活力；穴
• vt.衰弱させる、傷つける；土台を破壊するために掘る
• vi. 溝を掘る
• n. （樹液）人名；（カンボジア語）樹液；（ベトナム語）栓

古英語のsaepmから、原ゲルマン語*sapamから、PIE*sab, liquid, sapから、PIE*sap, to taste, savourから、語源はsavorと同じ、味気ない。

中フランス語のsaper（トンネルを掘る）から、ラテン語のsappa（シャベルを掘る）、おそらくspadeから。弱める、破壊するという比喩的な意味は、前者の影響を受けているのかもしれない。

sap

sap: English has three distinct words sap. The oldest, ‘plant-juice’ [OE], goes back to a prehistoric Germanic *sappam, which also produced German saft ‘juice’. This in turn was a descendant of Indo-European *sapon-, from which came Latin sapa ‘new wine’. Sap ‘undermine’ [16] was borrowed via French saper from Italian zappare, which may have been ultimately of Arabic origin.

Its original literal sense ‘dig a trench or tunnel underneath in order to attack’ has now been largely superseded by the metaphorical ‘weaken’, which has been heavily influenced by sap ‘plant-juice’ (from the notion of ‘draining sap from a plant’). The colloquial sap ‘fool’ [19] may be short for an earlier sapskull, a compound formed from sap in the now seldom heard sense ‘sapwood’ – hence ‘wooden head’.

sap (n.1)

"liquid in a plant," Old English s?pm from Proto-Germanic *sapam (cognates: Middle Low German, Middle Dutch, Dutch sap, Old High German saf, German Saft "juice"), from PIE root *sab- "juice, fluid" (cognates: Sanskrit sabar- "sap, milk, nectar," Latin sapere "to taste," Irish sug, Russian soku "sap," Lithuanian sakas "tree-gum"). As a verb meaning "To drain the sap from," 1725.

sap (n.2)

"simpleton," 1815, originally especially in Scottish and English schoolboy slang, probably from earlier sapskull (1735), saphead (1798), from sap as a shortened form of sapwood "soft wood between the inner bark and the heartwood" (late 14c.), from sap (n.1) + wood (n.); so called because it conducts the sap; compare sappy.

sap (v.1)

"dig a trench toward the enemy's position," 1590s, from Middle French saper, from sappe "spade," from Late Latin sappa "spade" (source also of Italian zappa, Spanish zapa "spade"). Extended sense "weaken or destroy insidiously" is from 1755, probably influenced by the verb form of sap (n.1), on the notion of "draining the vital sap from." Related: Sapped; sapping.

sap (v.2)

"hit with a sap," 1926, from sap (n.3). Related: Sapped; sapping.

sap (n.3)

"club, stick for hitting," 1899, from shortening of sapwood (see sap (n.2)) or sapling.

1. The sap of this plant blisters the skin.

この植物の汁は皮膚に水疱を発生させる。

2.Maple syrup is made from sap extracted from the sugar maple tree.

カエデシロップは、カエデの甘木から抽出された樹液で作られています。

3.Maple sugar is made from the sap of maple trees.

楓糖は楓の樹液から作られる。

4.Didn 't you know I was joking，you sap ？

私が冗談を言っているのを知らないのか？ばか者.

5.Work out material requirement plan in SAP based on rolling production plan.

ローリング生産計画に基づいて、 SAP システムで品目計画を管理、作成する。