satire

• n. 風刺; 風刺文学、風刺作品

ラテン語のsatira，風刺的な作品，混成詩，lanx satura, full plate, mixed plate, 様々な果物が混ざった皿，lanx, plateから，語源はbalanceと同じ，satura, full, saturatedから女性的，語源はsatur, full, saturatedから，語源はsaturate, saturateと同じ。比喩的な用法で、後に風刺、嘲笑として広まった。

satire

satire: [16] A satire is etymologically a ‘verse medley’, an ‘assortment of pieces on various subjects’. The word comes via Old French satire from Latin satira ‘mixture’, an alteration of an earlier satura. This is said to have been derived from satus ‘full’ (a relative of satis ‘enough’, source of English satisfy), and the link in the semantic chain from ‘full’ to ‘mixture’ is ‘plateful of assorted fruit’, the earliest recorded meaning of satura.

By classical times, Latin satira had moved on from being a general literary miscellany to its now familiar role as a ‘literary work ridiculing or denouncing people’s follies or vices’. The word has no etymological connection, incidentally, with satyr ‘Greek woodland god’ [14], which comes ultimately from Greek sáturos, a word of unknown origin.

satire (n.)

late 14c., "work intended to ridicule vice or folly," from Middle French satire (14c.) and directly from Latin satira "satire, poetic medley," earlier satura, in lanx satura "mixed dish, dish filled with various kinds of fruit," literally "full dish," from fem. of satur "sated" (see saturate).

First used in the literary sense in Latin in reference to a collection of poems in various meters on a variety of subjects by the late republican Roman poet Ennius. The matter of the little that survives of his verse does not seem to be particularly satiric, but in classical Latin the word came to mean especially a poem which assailed the prevailing vices, one after another. Altered in Latin by influence of Greek satyr, on mistaken notion that the literary form is related to the Greek satyr drama (see satyr).

Satire, n. An obsolete kind of literary composition in which the vices and follies of the author's enemies were expounded with imperfect tenderness. In this country satire never had more than a sickly and uncertain existence, for the soul of it is wit, wherein we are dolefully deficient, the humor that we mistake for it, like all humor, being tolerant and sympathetic. Moreover, although Americans are 'endowed by their Creator' with abundant vice and folly, it is not generally known that these are reprehensible qualities, wherefore the satirist is popularly regarded as a sour-spirited knave, and his every victim's outcry for codefendants evokes a national assent. [Ambrose Bierce, "Devil's Dictionary," 1911]

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Proper satire is distinguished, by the generality of the reflections, from a lampoon which is aimed against a particular person, but they are too frequently confounded. [Johnson]

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[I]n whatever department of human expression, wherever there is objective truth there is satire [Wyndham Lewis, "Rude Assignment," 1950]

For nuances of usage, see humor (n.).

satire (v.)

1905, from satire (n.). Related: Satired; satiring.

1. It 's a satire somewhat in the manner of Dickens.

という風刺作品はディケンズらしい。

2.The movie is a clever satire on the advertising industry.

その映画は広告業に関する巧妙な風刺作品だ。

3. Satire is often a form of protest against injustice.

風刺はしばしば不公正に対する抗議の形である。

4.Jack showed his dislike plainly in scorching satire .

ジャックは鋭い皮肉で率直に嫌悪感を表明した。

5.Sunset Boulevard was originally conceived by Wilder as an astringent satire on Hollywood.

ワイルダーは最初、『サンセット?ロード』をハリウッドに対する辛口風刺映画にしようとした。