scapegoat

• n. スケープゴート、スケープゴーター（身代わり）; ダブル
• vt.何かの身代わりにする。

escape、escape escape、goat、sheepからの略。古代ユダヤ人が7月10日を「贖罪の日」と定め、その日に贖罪の生け贄を捧げたことに由来する聖書の宗教的暗示から。2頭の雄羊の運命はくじ引きで決められ、1頭は供え物として殺され、もう1頭は大祭司が生贄として捧げる。大祭司は雄羊の頭に手を置き、その年に犯したユダヤ人の罪は雄羊に移ったと宣言する。その後、身代わりの羊は荒野に追放され、人々の罪を無人の地にもたらし、最後に贖罪の羊は焼き殺された。百度百科事典を参照。

scapegoat

scapegoat: [16] In biblical times the ritual of Yom Kippur, the Jewish Day of Atonement, included a ceremony involving two goats: one was sacrificed to God, and the other was sent off into the wilderness as the symbolic bearer of the people’s sins. This second goat was termed ‘azāzēl. That appears to have been a proper name, said in Jewish tradition to be that of a demon to whom the goat was sent, and may be linked with Aziz, the name of a Canaanite god.

Later commentators, however, interpreted it as equivalent to Hebrew ‘ēz ōzēl, which means ‘goat that departs’. In the Latin of the Vulgate, that was rendered as caper emissarius (whence the French expression bouc émissaire, literally ‘goat sent forth’), and William Tindale, in his 1530 translation of the Bible, expressed it as scapegoat (the first part, scape, is a shortened form of escape).

The modern metaphorical application to someone who takes the blame for others’ faults dates from the early 19th century.

scapegoat (n.)

1530, "goat sent into the wilderness on the Day of Atonement, symbolic bearer of the sins of the people," coined by Tyndale from scape (n.1) + goat to translate Latin caper emissarius, itself a translation in Vulgate of Hebrew 'azazel (Lev. xvi:8,10,26), which was read as 'ez ozel "goat that departs," but which others hold to be the proper name of a devil or demon in Jewish mythology (sometimes identified with Canaanite deity Aziz).

Jerome's reading also was followed by Martin Luther (der ledige Bock), Symmachus (tragos aperkhomenos), and others (compare French bouc émissaire), but the question of who, or what (or even where) is meant by 'azazel is a vexed one. The Revised Version (1884) simply restores Azazel. But the old translation has its modern defenders:

Azazel is an active participle or participial noun, derived ultimately from azal (connected with the Arabic word azala, and meaning removed), but immediately from the reduplicate form of that verb, azazal. The reduplication of the consonants of the root in Hebrew and Arabic gives the force of repetition, so that while azal means removed, azalzal means removed by a repetition of acts. Azalzel or azazel, therefore, means one who removes by a series of acts. ... The interpretation is founded on sound etymological grounds, it suits the context wherever the word occurs, it is consistent with the remaining ceremonial of the Day of Atonement, and it accords with the otherwise known religious beliefs and symbolical practices of the Israelites. [Rev. F. Meyrick, "Leviticus," London, 1882]

Meaning "one who is blamed or punished for the mistakes or sins of others" first recorded 1824; the verb is attested from 1943. Related: Scapegoated; scapegoating. For the formation, compare scapegrace, also scape-gallows "one who deserves hanging."

1. She felt she had been made a scapegoat for her boss 's incompetence.

彼女は、もともとボスは無能だったが、彼女はスケープゴートになったと思っていた。

2.He has been made a scapegoat for the company 's failures.

彼は会社の倒産のスケープゴートになった。

3.The old curmudgeon found a new scapegoat and that let me out.

その老守銭奴は新しいスケープゴートを見つけて、私は身を引いた。

4.I don 't deserve to be made the scapegoat for a couple of bad results.

悪い結果に罪を着せるべきではありません。

5.They ask me to join the party so that I 'll be their scapegoat when trouble comes.

彼らは私を仲間に呼びたいと思って、混乱して、私が彼らの代わりに背を立てようとしました。