scorch

• vt. 焼けた；枯れた；皮肉
• vi. 焼けた；枯れた
• n. 焼けた；焦げた

おそらく古ノルド語のskorpna「枯れる」「干からびる」に由来し、原語ゲルマン語*skrimp「縮む」、PIE*sker「曲がる」「回転する」に由来、語源的にはshrink「縮む」shrimp「エビ」と同じ。

scorch (v.)

"to burn superficially or slightly, but so as to change the color or injure the texture," early 14c., perhaps an alteration of scorrcnenn "make dry, parch" (c. 1200), of obscure origin, perhaps from Old Norse skorpna "to be shriveled," cognate with Old English scrimman "to shrink, dry up." Or perhaps from Old French escorchier "to strip off the skin," from Vulgar Latin excorticare "to flay," from ex- (see ex-) + Latin cortex (genitive corticis) "cork;" but OED finds this not likely. Scorched earth military strategy is 1937, translation of Chinese jiaotu, used against the Japanese in a bid to stem their advance into China.

1. The leaves are inclined to scorch in hot sunshine.

葉は暑い日差しの下で枯れやすい。

2.If any of the spray goes onto the lawn it will scorch the grass.

このスプレー剤を芝生に軽くスプレーすると、草が枯れて黄色くなる。

3.I could not wash away the mark of the scorch .

この焦げ跡を洗うことはできません.

4.This material will scorch easily if it is too near the fire.

この材料はストーブの火に近づきすぎると焦げやすい。

5.ヤングドライバーズオブテン scorch on the street.

若い運転手はよく大通りで急行列車を運転する。