scourge

• vt.鞭で打つ；荒らす；叱責する；非難する
• n.鞭；疫病；鞭；不幸の源

アングロ?フレンチのescorge（鞭）、古フランス語のescorgier（鞭打つ、鞭打つ）から。おそらくラテン語のexcoriare（皮を剥ぐ）、ex-（外）、corium（皮）、hide（皮）、PIE*sker（切る、切り裂く、切り離す）に由来し、語源的にはshear（切り裂く）、excoriate（切り裂く）と同じ。 disaster（災害）、scourge（災い）に由来する。元は前漢時代にヨーロッパを侵略した匈奴の王の称号で、後に元王朝時代に再びヨーロッパを侵略したチンギス?ハンの称号となった。

scourge

scourge: [13] Scourge comes ultimately from a Latin word for a ‘long strip of leather’, corrigio, which itself was borrowed from Celtic. It had a number of specific applications, including ‘shoelace’, ‘rein’, and ‘whip’, and it was the last that formed the basis of the Vulgar Latin verb *excorrigiāre ‘whip’, which passed into English via Old French escorgier and its derived noun escorge.

scourge (n.)

c. 1200, "a whip, lash," from Anglo-French escorge, back-formation from Old French escorgier "to whip," from Vulgar Latin *excorrigiare, from Latin ex- "out, off" (see ex-) + corrigia "thong, shoelace," in this case "whip," probably from a Gaulish word related to Old Irish cuimrech "fetter," from PIE root *reig- "to bind" (see rig (v.)). Figurative use from late 14c. Scourge of God, title given by later generations to Attila the Hun (406-453 C.E.), is attested from late 14c., from Latin flagellum Dei.

scourge (v.)

c. 1300, "to whip," from Old French escorgier and from scourge (n.). Figurative meaning "to afflict" (often for the sake of punishment or purification) is from late 14c. Related: Scourged; scourging.

1. Drugs are a scourge that is devastating our society.

麻薬は私たちの社会を破壊する大きな災いです。

2.The cruel captain used a scourge on his disobedient sailor.

その残忍な船長は命令に従わない船員を鞭打つ。

3.After the scourge of war came the scourge of disease.

戦乱後に疫病が相次いだ。

4.The scourge of racial tyranny should never again be allowed to raise its ugly head.

人種主義暴政の災いを再び台頭させることは決してできない。

5.Farmers don 't need much propting to tell you that "flaming dog owners "are the scourge of their lives.

農場主たちに何も言わなくても、「この犬飼い」は彼らの生活の被災者だと教えてくれます。