sentence

• n. [言語] [メーター]文、命題; 文、判断
• vt.判決を下す、宣告する

古フランス語の sentence, verdict, judgement, decision から、ラテン語の sententia, verdict, decision, 思考の表現、sentire, sense, perception, opinion の現在分詞名詞形、PIE*sent, sense から、語源は sense と同じ。後に文法では主に文、つまり完全な表現を指すのに使われる。

sentence

sentence: [13] ‘Complete grammatical unit’ is a comparatively recent meaning of sentence, which only emerged in English in the 15th century. Its Latin ancestor sententia originally meant ‘feeling’, for it was a derivative of sentīre ‘feel’ (source also of English sense, sentiment, etc). It subsequently broadened out to ‘opinion, judgment’, which was the starting point for the use of English sentence for ‘judicial declaration of punishment’. Sententia also came to denote ‘meaning’, and hence ‘meaning expressed in words’ and ‘maxim’.

The former lies behind the grammatical sense of English sentence, while the latter survives in the derived adjective sententious [15].
=> sense, sententious

sentence (n.)

c. 1200, "doctrine, authoritative teaching; an authoritative pronouncement," from Old French sentence "judgment, decision; meaning; aphorism, maxim; statement of authority" (12c.) and directly from Latin sententia "thought, way of thinking, opinion; judgment, decision," also "a thought expressed; aphorism, saying," from sentientem, present participle of sentire "be of opinion, feel, perceive" (see sense (n.)). Loss of first -i- in Latin by dissimilation.

From early 14c. as "judgment rendered by God, or by one in authority; a verdict, decision in court;" from late 14c. as "understanding, wisdom; edifying subject matter." From late 14c. as "subject matter or content of a letter, book, speech, etc.," also in reference to a passage in a written work. Sense of "grammatically complete statement" is attested from mid-15c. "Meaning," then "meaning expressed in words." Related: Sentential.

sentence (v.)

"to pass judgment," c. 1400, from sentence (n.). Related: Sentenced; sentencing.

1. He stood emotionless as heard the judge pass sentence .

彼は無表情にそこに立って、裁判官の判決を聞いた。

2.If he is caught again he will be given a custodial sentence .

彼が再び逮捕されれば、監禁される。

3.His nine-month sentence was overturned by Appeal Court judge Lord Justice Watkins.

控訴裁判所のワトキンス判事は、彼に対する懲役9カ月の判決を取り消した。

4.These rules tell us how a sentence is broken down into phrases.

これらの規則は、文がどのようにいくつかのフレーズに分解されるかを教えてくれます。

5.Nothing other than an immediate custodial sentence could be justified.

判決即時監禁のみが合理的である。