set: English has two words set. The verb [OE] is simply the causative version of sit. That is to say, etymologically it means ‘cause to sit’. It comes from a prehistoric Germanic *satjan (source also of German setzen, Dutch zetten, Swedish s?tta, and Danish s?tte), which was a causative variant of *setjan, ancestor of English sit. Set ‘group’ [14] is essentially the same word as sect.
It comes via Old French sette from Latin secta, source of English sect. It originally meant strictly a ‘group of people’, and its far broader modern application, which emerged in the 16th century, is no doubt due to association with the verb set and the notion of ‘setting’ things together. => sit; sect
set (v.)
Old English settan (transitive) "cause to sit, put in some place, fix firmly; build, found; appoint, assign," from Proto-Germanic *(bi)satjan "to cause to sit, set" (cognates: Old Norse setja, Swedish s?tta, Old Saxon settian, Old Frisian setta, Dutch zetten, German setzen, Gothic satjan), causative form of PIE *sod-, variant of *sed- (1) "to sit" (see sit (v.)). Also see set (n.2).
Intransitive sense from c. 1200, "be seated." Used in many disparate senses by Middle English; sense of "make or cause to do, act, or be; start" and that of "mount a gemstone" attested by mid-13c. Confused with sit since early 14c. Of the sun, moon, etc., "to go down," recorded from c. 1300, perhaps from similar use of the cognates in Scandinavian languages. To set (something) on "incite to attack" (c. 1300) originally was in reference to hounds and game.
set (adj.)
"fixed," c. 1200, sett, past participle of setten "to set" (see set (v.)). Meaning "ready, prepared" first recorded 1844.
set (n.1)
"collection of things," mid-15c., from Old French sette "sequence," variant of secte "religious community," from Medieval Latin secta "retinue," from Latin secta "a following" (see sect). "[I]n subsequent developments of meaning influenced by SET v.1 and apprehended as equivalent to 'number set together'" [OED]. The noun set was in Middle English, but only in the sense of "religious sect" (late 14c.), which likely is the direct source of some modern meanings, such as "group of persons with shared status, habits, etc." (1680s).
Meaning "complete collection of pieces" is from 1680s. Meaning "group of pieces musicians perform at a club during 45 minutes" (more or less) is from c. 1925, though it is found in a similar sense in 1580s. Set piece is from 1846 as "grouping of people in a work of visual art;" from 1932 in reference to literary works.
set (n.2)
"act of setting; condition of being set" (of a heavenly body), mid-14c., from set (v.) or its identical past participle. Many disparate senses collect under this word because of the far-flung meanings assigned to the verb:
"Action of hardening," 1837; also "manner or position in which something is set" (1530s), hence "general movement, direction, tendency" (1560s); "build, form" (1610s), hence "bearing, carriage" (1855); "action of fixing the hair in a particular style" (1933).
"Something that has been set" (1510s), hence the use in tennis (1570s) and the theatrical meaning "scenery for an individual scene in a play, etc.," recorded from 1859. Other meanings OED groups under "miscellaneous technical senses" include "piece of electrical apparatus" (1891, first in telegraphy); "burrow of a badger" (1898). Old English had set "seat," in plural "camp; stable," but OED finds it "doubtful whether this survived beyond OE." Compare set (n.1).
Set (n.1) and set (n.2) are not always distinguished in dictionaries; OED has them as two entries, Century Dictionary as one. The difference of opinion seems to be whether the set meaning "group, grouping" (here (n.2)) is a borrowing of the unrelated French word that sounds like the native English one, or a borrowing of the sense only, which was absorbed into the English word.
Set
Egyptian god, from Greek Seth, from Egyptian Setesh.
例文
1. We post up a set of rules for the house.
私たちは家の生活規則を貼り付けました。
2.Place the omelette under a gentle grill until the top is set .
卵焼きをグリルの下に置いて弱火で表面が固まるまで焼く。
3.She conceded just three points on her service during the first set .
彼女は第1セットの自分のサーブセットで3点しか失っていない。
4.Fire may have breached the cargo tanks and set the oil ablaze.
大火当時、貨物船のタンクを燃やして漏れた可能性があり、原油を引火した。
5.The security zone was set up to prevent guerrilla infiltrations.