shaft

• n. シュート; [機械]シャフト; 矢シャフト; ロッド
• vt.利用する；......にロッドを取り付ける

古英語の sceaft, rod, shank, shaft, spear から、原語ゲルマン語の *skaftaz, rod から、語源は PIE *skep, 切る、刻む、船、形。

shaft

shaft: [OE] Shaft is a general Germanic word, shared by German and Dutch schaft and Swedish and Danish skaft. These point back to a common prehistoric ancestor *skaftaz, which may have been descended from the Indo-European base *scap- ‘support’ (source of English sceptre [13]).
=> sceptre

shaft (n.1)

Old English sceaft "long, slender rod, staff, pole; spear-shaft; spear," from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz (cognates: Old Norse skapt, Old Saxon skaft, Old High German scaft, German schaft, Dutch schacht, not found in Gothic), which some connect with a Germanic passive past participle of PIE root *(s)kep- "to cut, to scrape" (source of Old English scafan "to shave, scrape, polish") on notion of "tree branch stripped of its bark." But compare Latin scapus "shaft, stem, shank," Greek skeptron "a staff" (see scepter) which appear to be cognates.

Meaning "beam or ray" (of light, etc.) is attested from c. 1300. Sense of "an arrow" is from c. 1400; that of "a handle" from 1520s. Mechanical sense is from 1680s. Vulgar slang meaning "penis" first recorded 1719 on notion of "columnar part" (late 14c.); hence probably shaft (v.) and the related noun sense "act of unfair treatment" (1959), though some early sources insist this is from the notion of a "wound."

shaft (n.2)

"long, narrow passage sunk into the earth," early 15c., probably from shaft (n.1) on notion of "long and cylindrical," perhaps as a translation of cognate Low German schacht in this sense (Grimm's suggestion, though OED is against it). Or it may represent a separate (unrecorded) development in Old English directly from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz if the original sense is "scrape, dig." The slang sense of shaft (n.1) is punned upon in country music song "She Got the Gold Mine, I Got the Shaft," a hit for Jerry Reed in 1982.

shaft (v.)

"treat cruelly and unfairly," by 1958, perhaps from shaft (n.1) with overtones of sodomy. Related: Shafted; shafting.

1. A brilliant shaft of sunlight burst through the doorway.

まぶしい日差しが玄関から差し込んできた。

2.The equipment was taken down the shaft in pieces.

この装置はいくつかの部分に分解されて井戸を送った。

3.The prop shaft vibrated like mad and shook the exhaust mounting loose.

支持棒が狂ったように振動し、排気管を緩める。

4.Once the ventilator shaft became blocked，the warehouse quickly filled with fumes.

通風管が詰まると、倉庫はすぐに煙でいっぱいになる。

5.He was wounded by a shaft .

彼は矢に当たって怪我をした。