sharp

• adj. 鋭く；鋭く；強く；素早く；突き刺す。
• adv.鋭く;鋭く;突然
• n. 鋭い; 曲がった; 内部者
• v.鋭くする；音程を上げる
• vi.ドレスアップする；ピッチを上げる
• n. （シャープな）人名；（英）Sharp

古英語のscearp「鋭利な」から、原語ゲルマン語*skarpaz「切る」から、PIE*sker「剪断する、切る、刻む」から、語源的にはshear「共有する」から。

sharp

sharp: [OE] Sharp, together with its close relatives German scharf, Dutch scherp, and Swedish and Danish skarp, goes back to a prehistoric Germanic *skarpaz. This was probably descended from an extension of the Indo-European base *sker- ‘cut’ (source of English score, share, shear, etc). Welsh has borrowed sharp as siarp.
=> shear

sharp (adj.)

Old English scearp "having a cutting edge; pointed; intellectually acute, active, shrewd; keen (of senses); severe; biting, bitter (of tastes)," from Proto-Germanic *skarpaz, literally "cutting" (cognates: Old Saxon scarp, Old Norse skarpr, Old Frisian skerp, Dutch scherp, German scharf "sharp"), from PIE *(s)ker- (1) "to cut" (cognates: Lettish skarbs "sharp," Middle Irish cerb "cutting;" see shear (v.)).

The figurative meaning "acute or penetrating in intellect or perception" was in Old English; hence "keenly alive to one's own interests, quick to take advantage" (1690s). Of words or talk, "cutting, sarcastic," from early 13c. Meaning "distinct in contour" is from 1670s. The adverbial meaning "abruptly" is from 1836; that of "promptly" is first attested 1840. The musical meaning "half step above (a given tone)" is from 1570s. Meaning "stylish" is from 1944, hepster slang, from earlier general slang sense of "excellent" (1940). Phrase sharp as a tack first recorded 1912 (sharp as a needle has been around since Old English). Sharp-shinned attested from 1704 of persons, 1813 of hawks.

sharp (n.)

"a cheat at games," 1797, short for sharper (1680s) in this sense. Meaning "expert, connoisseur" is attested from 1840, and likely is from sharp (adj.). Music sense is from 1570s. The noun was used 14c. as "a sharp weapon, edge of a sword."

1. I felt a sharp pain in my lower back.

私は後腰に激しい痛みを感じた。

2.Futures prices recovered from sharp early declines to end with moderate losses.

先物価格は、朝の深さ下落後に反発し、終値では大きな損失は見られなかった。

3.There was a sharp fall in the value of the pound.

ポンドが大幅に下落した。

4.These issues were brought into sharp focus by the Gulf criss.

湾岸危機でこれらの問題が注目されている。

5.Now politics is all about the right haircut and a sharp suit.

今の政界がこだわっているのは適切な髪型とモダンな服装にほかならない。