slave

• 奴隷；従者
• vi. 懸命に働く；必死に働く
• n.（奴隷）人の名前；（サー）奴隷

ラテン語のSclavus（奴隷）が語源で、もともとはスラブ語。中世のスラブ奴隷制に由来。

slave

slave: [13] The word slave commemorates the fate of the Slavic people in the past, reduced by conquest to a state of slavery. For ultimately slave and Slav are one and the same. The earliest record we have of the ethnic name is as Slavic Sloveninu, a word of unknown origin borrowed by Byzantine Greek as Sklábos and passed on to medieval Latin as Sclavus. It was this that was turned into a generic term sclavus ‘slave’, which passed into English via Old French esclave.

slave (n.)

late 13c., "person who is the chattel or property of another," from Old French esclave (13c.), from Medieval Latin Sclavus "slave" (source also of Italian schiavo, French esclave, Spanish esclavo), originally "Slav" (see Slav); so used in this secondary sense because of the many Slavs sold into slavery by conquering peoples.

This sense development arose in the consequence of the wars waged by Otto the Great and his successors against the Slavs, a great number of whom they took captive and sold into slavery. [Klein]

Meaning "one who has lost the power of resistance to some habit or vice" is from 1550s. Applied to devices from 1904, especially those which are controlled by others (compare slave jib in sailing, similarly of locomotives, flash bulbs, amplifiers). Slave-driver is attested from 1807; extended sense of "cruel or exacting task-master" is by 1854. Slate state in U.S. history is from 1812. Slave-trade is attested from 1734.

Old English Wealh "Briton" also began to be used in the sense of "serf, slave" c.850; and Sanskrit dasa-, which can mean "slave," apparently is connected to dasyu- "pre-Aryan inhabitant of India." Grose's dictionary (1785) has under Negroe "A black-a-moor; figuratively used for a slave," without regard to race. More common Old English words for slave were teow (related to teowian "to serve") and tr?l (see thrall). The Slavic words for "slave" (Russian rab, Serbo-Croatian rob, Old Church Slavonic rabu) are from Old Slavic *orbu, from the PIE root *orbh- (also source of orphan), the ground sense of which seems to be "thing that changes allegiance" (in the case of the slave, from himself to his master). The Slavic word is also the source of robot.

slave (v.)

1550s, "to enslave," from slave (n.). The meaning "work like a slave" is first recorded 1719. Related: Slaved; slaving.

Slave

Indian tribe of northwestern Canada, 1789, from slave (n.), translating Cree (Algonquian) awahkan "captive, slave."

1. Liverpool grew fat on the basis of the slave trade.

リバプールは奴隷貿易で肥えた。

2.It was infamous as a kingdom of brigands，scoundrels，and slave -traders.

この地域は匪賊、ならず者、奴隷商人が横行していることで評判が悪い。

3.The story tells of a runaway slave girl in Louisiana，circa 1850.

物語は1850年頃、ルイジアナ州で逃げた若い女奴隷の話をしていた。

4.She treated her daughter like a slave .

彼女は娘を奴隷のように扱っている。

5.Huge palaces were built by slave labour.

壮大な宮殿は奴隷によって作られた。