smoke

• n. 煙；煙；無常なるもの
• vi. スモークする；煙にする；拡散する
• vt. スモークする；ベイプする

中英語のsmoke、煙、古英語のsmoca、煙、原ゲルマン語*smukona、煙、PIE*smeugh、煙から、おそらく語源的には匂いに関連している。スモーキング、喫煙などに由来する。

smoke

smoke: [OE] Smoke has close relatives in German schmauch and Dutch smook, now specialized in meaning to ‘thick smoke’. And more distantly it is linked to Welsh mwg and Breton moged ‘smoke’, Lithuanian smaugti ‘choke with smoke’, Greek smugenai ‘be consumed with heat’, and Armenian mux ‘smoke’. The use of the verb smoke in connection with tobacco is first recorded in 1604, in James I’s Counterblast to Tobacco.

smoke (n.1)

late Old English smoca (rare) "fumes and volatile material given off by burning substances," related to smeocan "give off smoke," from Proto-Germanic *smuk- (cognates: Middle Dutch smooc, Dutch smook, Middle High German smouch, German Schmauch), from PIE root *smeug- "to smoke; smoke" (cognates: Armenian mux "smoke," Greek smykhein "to burn with smoldering flame," Old Irish much, Welsh mwg "smoke").

There is no fyre without some smoke [Heywood, 1562]

The more usual noun was Old English smec, which became dialectal smeech. Abusive meaning "black person" attested from 1913, American English. Smoke-eater "firefighter" is c. 1930. Figurative phrase go up in smoke "be destroyed" (as if by fire) is from 1933. Smoke-alarm first attested 1936; smoke-detector from 1957.

smoke (v.)

Old English smocian "to produce smoke, emit smoke," especially as a result of burning, from smoke (n.1). Meaning "to drive out or away or into the open by means of smoke" is attested from 1590s. Meaning "to apply smoke to, to cure (bacon, fish, etc.) by exposure to smoke" is first attested 1590s. In connection with tobacco, "draw fumes from burning into the mouth," first recorded 1604 in James I's "Counterblast to Tobacco." Related: Smoked; smoking. Smoking gun in figurative sense of "incontestable evidence" is from 1974.

smoke (n.2)

"cigarette," slang, 1882, from smoke (n.1). Also "opium" (1884). Meaning "a spell of smoking tobacco" is recorded from 1835.

1. Dense smoke swirled and billowed,its rank fumes choking her.

もうもうと煙が渦巻き、悪臭にむせて息ができなかった。

2.They were taken to hospital suffering from smoke inhalation.

彼らは大量の煙を吸い込んで病院に運ばれた。

3.A thick haze of acrid smoke hung in the air.

空気中に鼻を突くような煙が漂っている。

4.By-laws are to make it illegal to smoke in public.

地方法規は、公共の場でタバコを吸うことを違法と規定している。

5.There was a drift of smoke above the trees.

樹林の上空に煙が漂っている。