spill

• vt.溢れさせる、流れ出させる；落下させる
• vi.溢れる、噴出する；落ちる；波立つ
• n. こぼれる、飛び散る; 溢れる; 落ちる; なめくじ
• n. （こぼれる）人の名前；（ドイツ語）こぼれる

古英語のspillan（破壊する、殺す、傷つける、切り刻む）から、原ゲルマン語*spilthjan（破壊する、破滅させる）から、PIE*spel（裂ける、裂く）から。後にbleed（血を流す）、spill（こぼれる）から派生し、そこから比喩的にこぼれる、あふれる、漏れるという意味にもなった可能性がある。原義はspoil, plunder, trophyを参照。

インド?ヨーロッパ語源のspill PIE*spel（分ける、裂く）から来ている可能性がある。

spill

spill: Spill ‘let fall’ [OE] and spill ‘thin piece of wood’ are distinct words. The former originally meant ‘destroy, kill’; the modern sense ‘allow liquid to pour out or fall’, which did not emerge until the 14th century, arose as a rather grisly metaphor based on the notion of ‘shedding blood’. The ultimate origins of the word, which has relatives in Dutch spillen and Swedish spilla, are not known. Spill ‘thin piece of wood’ was probably borrowed from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch spile ‘splinter, wooden pin, bar, etc’, which also gave English spile ‘bung’ [16].

This in turn went back to a prehistoric West Germanic *spinla (source also of English spindle). The familiar modern use of spill for a ‘small slip of wood, paper, etc used for carrying a flame’ did not emerge until the early 19th century.
=> spin, spindle

spill (v.)

Old English spillan "destroy, mutilate, kill," also in late Old English "to waste," variant of spildan "destroy," from Proto-Germanic *spilthjan (cognates: Old High German spildan "to spill," Old Saxon spildian "destroy, kill," Old Norse spilla "to destroy," Danish spilde "lose, spill, waste," Middle Dutch spillen "to waste, spend"), from PIE *spel- (1) "to split, break off" (cognates: Middle Dutch spalden, Old High German spaltan "to split;" Greek aspalon "skin, hide," spolas "flayed skin;" Lithuanian spaliai "shives of flax;" Old Church Slavonic rasplatiti "to cleave, split;" Middle Low German spalden, Old High German spaltan "to split;" Sanskrit sphatayati "splits").

Sense of "let (liquid) fall or run out" developed mid-14c. from use of the word in reference to shedding blood (early 14c.). Intransitive sense "to run out and become wasted" is from 1650s. Spill the beans recorded by 1910 in a sense of "spoil the situation;" 1919 as "reveal a secret." To cry for spilt milk (usually with negative) is attested from 1738. Related: Spilled; spilt; spilling.

spill (n.)

1845, originally "a throw or fall from a horse," from spill (v.). Meaning "the spilling of a liquid, amount of spilled stuff" is from 1848.

1. The spill could wipe out the Gulf 's turtle population.

今回の原油流出でペルシャ湾のウミガメが絶滅する可能性がある。

2.Utmost care must be taken not to spill any of the contents.

中身が少しもこぼれないように注意してください。

3.When the bell rings，more than 1000 children spill from classrooms.

ベルが鳴ると、1000人以上の子供が教室から押し寄せた。

4.He is prepared to spill the blood of a million people.

彼は100万人を殺そうとしている。

5.He was tempted to spill out his problems to Philip.

彼は自分の問題をフィリップに漏らしたいと思っている。