spine

• n.背骨、脊椎；拍車；本の背表紙

ラテン語のspina, spine, vertebrae, spurから、PIE*spei, spur, spikeから、語源はspike, spireと同じ。

spine

spine: [14] Spine comes via Old French espine from Latin spīna ‘thorn’, which was probably derived from the same base as spīca ‘ear of corn’ (source of English spike ‘pointed flower head’). The metaphorical extension ‘backbone’ developed in Latin, perhaps via ‘prickle’ and ‘fish bone’. A spinney [16] is etymologically a ‘thorny thicket’. The word comes via Old French espinei from Vulgar Latin *spīnēta, an alteration of Latin spīnētum ‘thorny hedge’, which was derived from spīna.
=> spike, spinney

spine (n.)

c. 1400, "backbone," later "thornlike part" (early 15c.), from Old French espine "thorn, prickle; backbone, spine" (12c., Modern French épine), from Latin spina "backbone," originally "thorn, prickle" (figuratively, in plural, "difficulties, perplexities"), from PIE *spe-ina-, from root *spei- "sharp point" (see spike (n.1)). Meaning "the back of a book" is first attested 1922.

1. He felt the hardness of the iron railing press against his spine .

彼は硬い鉄の手すりが自分の背骨を支えているのを感じた。

2.This movement lengthens your spine and tones the spinal nerves.

この動作は脊椎を拡張し、脊椎神経をより強固にする。

3.Her spine curved.

彼女の脊柱は曲がっている。

4.The emptiness here sent shivers down my spine .

ここでの静寂は背骨を冷やす。

5.He suffered from curvature of the spine .

脊柱が曲がって彼を苦しめた。