sugar

• n. 砂糖; 砂糖; 甘味料
• vt. 甘くする；飾る
• vi. 砂糖を作る
• n. （砂糖）人名；（英）Hugo.

古フランス語のsucreから、ラテン語のsuccarumから、アラビア語のsukkarから、ペルシア語のshakarから、サンスクリット語のsharkaraから、砂糖、砂糖の粒、文字通り小さな石、小さな砂粒、語源的にはサッカリン、スクロースと同じで、最終的にはPIE*korkeh、小さな石、砂利が語源。この語源からギリシャ語のkroke（小石）、krokodilos（小石の上でひなたぼっこをする虫）、つまりワニ、クロコダイルが生まれた。

sugar

sugar: [13] The ultimate source of sugar is Sanskrit, where the substance was named with a term that originally meant ‘gravel, grit’ – sharkarā. This was borrowed into Arabic as sukkar, which made its way into English via medieval Latin succarum, Italian zucchero, and Old French sukere. The Sanskrit word was also acquired by Greek as sákkharon, which passed into English through medieval Latin saccharum as saccharin.
=> saccharin

sugar (n.)

late 13c., sugre, from Old French sucre "sugar" (12c.), from Medieval Latin succarum, from Arabic sukkar, from Persian shakar, from Sanskrit sharkara "ground or candied sugar," originally "grit, gravel" (cognate with Greek kroke "pebble"). The Arabic word also was borrowed in Italian (zucchero), Spanish (azucar, with the Arabic article), and German (Old High German zucura, German Zucker), and its forms are represented in most European languages (such as Serbian cukar, Polish cukier, Russian sakhar).

Its Old World home was India (Alexander the Great's companions marveled at the "honey without bees") and it remained exotic in Europe until the Arabs began to cultivate it in Sicily and Spain; not until after the Crusades did it begin to rival honey as the West's sweetener. The Spaniards in the West Indies began raising sugar cane in 1506; first grown in Cuba 1523; first cultivated in Brazil 1532. The reason for the -g- in the English word is obscure (OED compares flagon, from French flacon). The pronunciation shift from s- to sh- is probably from the initial long vowel sound syu- (as in sure).

As a type of chemical compound from 1826. Slang "euphemistic substitute for an imprecation" [OED] is attested from 1891. As a term of endearment, first recorded 1930. Sugar-cane is from 1560s. Sugar-maple is from 1731. Sugar loaf was originally a moulded conical mass of refined sugar (early 15c.); now obsolete, but sense extended 17c. to hills, hats, etc. of that shape.

sugar (v.)

early 15c., "to sweeten with sugar," also figuratively, "to make more pleasing, mitigate the harshness of," from sugar (n.). Related: Sugared; sugaring.

1. Blend the butter with the sugar and beat until light and creamy.

砂糖をバターに混ぜ、なめらかできめ細かいまで撹拌した。

2.I need my fix of sugar ，sweets，and chocolate.

砂糖、デザート、チョコレートが手放せません。

3. Sugar gives quick relief to hunger but provides no lasting nourishment.

糖は飢餓感を急速に緩和するが、持続的な栄養を提供することはできない。

4.He wants three teaspoons of sugar in his coffee.

コーヒーにティースプーン3杯分の砂糖を入れる。

5.To keep their bees from wandering,beekeepers feed them sugar solutions.

ミツバチの迷子を防ぐために養蜂家が砂糖水を飲ませる。