surprise

• n. 驚き、驚き; 突然の攻撃
• vt.驚かせる; 奇襲攻撃
• adj.

Sur-、on、-prise、seize、prehensからの省略形、語源的にはprison、comprehensionと同じ。

surprise

surprise: [15] To surprise someone is etymologically to ‘overtake’ them. The word comes from the past participle of Old French surprendre ‘overtake’, a compound verb formed from the prefix sur- ‘over’ and prendre ‘take’. By the time it reached English it was being used for ‘affect suddenly, as with a particular emotion’ (‘He shall be so surprised with anger and furious woodness [madness]’, William Caxton, Eneydos 1490), and this gradually evolved via ‘take unawares’ to, in the mid 17th century, ‘astonish’.
=> apprehend, comprehend, prison, reprehensible

surprise (n.)

also formerly surprize, late 14c., "unexpected attack or capture," from Old French surprise "a taking unawares" (13c.), from noun use of past participle of Old French sorprendre "to overtake, seize, invade" (12c.), from sur- "over" (see sur- (1)) + prendre "to take," from Latin prendere, contracted from prehendere "to grasp, seize" (see prehensile). Meaning "something unexpected" first recorded 1590s, that of "feeling of astonishment caused by something unexpected" is c. 1600. Meaning "fancy dish" is attested from 1708.

A Surprize is ... a dish ... which promising little from its first appearance, when open abounds with all sorts of variety. [W. King, "Cookery," 1708]

Surprise party originally was a stealth military detachment (1826); festive sense is attested by 1857; according to Thornton's "American Glossary," originally a gathering of members of a congregation at the house of their preacher "with the ostensible purpose of contributing provisions, &c., for his support," and sometimes called a donation party. Phrase taken by surprise is attested from 1690s.

surprise (v.)

also formerly surprize, late 14c., "overcome, overpower" (of emotions), from the noun or from Anglo-French surprise, fem. past participle of Old French surprendre (see surprise (n.)). Meaning "come upon unexpectedly" is from 1590s; that of "strike with astonishment" is 1650s.

1. Sue screamed，not loudly，more in surprise than terror.

休は悲鳴を上げて、声は大きくなくて、恐怖よりも驚いた。

2.The Foreign Office in London has expressed surprise at these allegations.

ロンドンにあるイギリス外務省はこれらの説に驚いている。

3.She looked as if the photographer had caught her by surprise .

見たところ、彼女はカメラマンに突然警戒されているようだ。

4.Bob tried the door.To his surprise it opened.

ボブはドアを押してみた。驚いたことに、ドアが開いていた。

5.The surprise twists in the storyline are the film 's greatest strength.

この映画のハイライトはストーリーの曲折怪奇である。