swamp

• 湿地
• vt.沼にはまる; 沈む; 立ち止まる
• vi. 沈む；泥沼にはまる；圧倒される（過去形swamped, 過去分詞swamped, 現在分詞swamping, 三人称単数swamps, 名詞swampiness, 形容詞swampy)

中英語のswam「沼地」、中英語のsompe「沼地」からの混成語で、どちらも最終的には原ゲルマン語の*sumpaz「沼地」、「泥沼」、語源はsumpと同じである。

swamp (v.)

"overwhelm, sink (as if in a swamp)," 1772, from swamp (n.). Figurative sense is from 1818. Related: Swamped; swamping.

swamp (n.)

c. 1500 (implied in swampwatyr "swamp-water"), of uncertain origin, perhaps [Barnhart] a dialectal survival from an Old English cognate of Old Norse sv?ppr "sponge, fungus," from Proto-Germanic *swampuz; but traditionally connected with Middle English sompe "morass, swamp," which probably is from Middle Dutch somp or Middle Low German sump "swamp" (see sump). All of these likely are ultimately related to each other, from PIE *swombho- "spongy; mushroom," via the notion of "spongy ground."

[B]y swamps then in general is to be understood any low grounds subject to inundations, distinguished from marshes, in having a large growth of timber, and much underwood, canes, reeds, wythes, vines, briers, and such like, so matted together, that they are in a great measure impenetrable to man or beast .... [Bernard Romans, "A Concise History of East and West Florida," 1775]

More popular in U.S. (swamp (n.) by itself is first attested 1624 in Capt. John Smith's description of Virginia). Swamp-oak is from 1680s, American English. Swamp Yankee "rural, rustic New Englander" is attested from 1941. Thornton's "American Glossary" (1912) has swamp-angel "dweller in a swamp," swamp-law "might makes right."

1. In the swamp the army was beset by mosquitoes.

沼地では、同軍は蚊に悩まされている。

2.The fort flanked on a swamp .

砦の側面は沼地に寄りかかっている。

3.This a crocodile-infested swamp .

ワニが住む沼地だ。

4.The soldiers became bogged in the swamp .

兵士たちが沼にはまっている。

5.The swamp teems with mosquitoes.

この沼地は蚊が非常に多い。