tartar

• n. タタール人（モンゴル人およびトルコ人）; 凶暴な人々; 困難な人々
• adj.タタール人

ギリシャ語のtartaronから、ワインを作った後にワイン樽を覆う沈殿物、タルタル、おそらく最終的にはセム語。tartar、タルタルから派生。

ラテン語のTartarus, Tatar, Mongolから。ペルシア語のTatar, Tartarは特にチンギス?ハーンに使われ、最終的にはモンゴル人の名前であるTata, Tartarに由来する。13世紀にヨーロッパを席巻し、ヨーロッパ人に強い心理的影を残したチンギス?ハーンの野蛮さに由来する。綴りは原語ラテン語のタルタロスの影響を受けている。

tartar (n.)

"bitartrate of potash" (a deposit left during fermentation), late 14c., from Old French tartre, from Medieval Latin tartarum, from late Greek tartaron "tartar encrusting the sides of wine casks," perhaps of Semitic origin, but if so the exact source has not been identified. The purified substance is cream of tartar. Used generally in 17c. of encrustations from liquid contact; specific meaning "encrustation on teeth" (calcium phosphate) is first recorded 1806.

Tartar

mid-14c. (implied in Tartary, "the land of the Tartars"), from Medieval Latin Tartarus, from Persian Tatar, first used 13c. in reference to the hordes of Ghengis Khan (1202-1227), said to be ultimately from Tata, a name of the Mongols for themselves. Form in European languages probably influenced by Latin Tartarus "hell" (e.g. letter of St. Louis of France, 1270: "In the present danger of the Tartars either we shall push them back into the Tartarus whence they are come, or they will bring us all into heaven").

The historical word for what now are called in ethnological works Tatars. A Turkic people, their native region was east of the Caspian Sea. Ghengis' horde was a mix of Tatars, Mongols, Turks, etc. Used figuratively for "savage, rough, irascible person" (1660s). To catch a Tartar "get hold of what cannot be controlled" is recorded from 1660s; original sense not preserved, but probably from some military story similar to the old battlefield joke:

Irish soldier (shouting from within the brush): I've captured one of the enemy.
Captain: Excellent! Bring him here.
Soldier: He won't come.
Captain: Well, then, you come here.
Soldier: I would, but he won't let me.

Among the adjectival forms that have been used are Tartarian (16c.), Tartarous (Ben Jonson), Tartarean (17c.); Byron's Tartarly (1821) is a nonce-word (but a good one). Tartar sauce is first recorded 1855, from French sauce tartare.

1. You are hereby appointed Sub-Lieutenant RNVR of HMS Tartar .

あなたは王立海軍艦艇タタール人号の王立海軍志願予備隊中尉に任命されました。

2.She can be quite a tartar .

彼女は時々鬼嫁だ。

3.The central Tartar city gate（the Chienmen）、was still in its original form.

内城の中央にある城門（前門）は元のままだ。

4.He sat silent still caresing Tartar ，who slobbered with exceeding affection.

彼は何も言わずに座って、タタールを撫で続けて、それは超常的な愛撫を得てよだれを垂らさない。

5.A Colonel Azizov，a swarthy，sardonic，pipe-smoking Tartar ，awaited Levchenko.

アキゾフという大佐が、レフチェンコを待っている.彼は肌が真っ黒で、皮肉な表情をしていて、口にパイプをくわえていて、タタール人だ。