tear: English has two separate words tear, both of ancient ancestry. The sort of tear that one weeps [OE] goes back (together with its Germanic relatives German tr?ne, Dutch traan, Swedish t?r, and Danish taare) to prehistoric Indo- European *dakru-, a word of uncertain origin which also produced Welsh deigryn and Latin lacrima (source of English lachrymal [16] and lachrymose [17]). Tear ‘rip’ [OE] comes from an Indo- European base *der- ‘tear’, which also produced Russian drat’ and Polish drze? ‘tear’.
The base *der- denoted the concept of ‘flaying’ as well as ‘tearing’, in which sense it produced English turd and Greek dérma ‘skin’ (source of English dermatitis, epidermis, etc). => lachrymose; dermatitis, epidermis, turd
tear (n.1)
"fluid drop from the eye," Old English tear "tear, drop, nectar, what is distilled in drops," from earlier teahor, t?hher, from Proto-Germanic *tahr-, *tagr- (cognates: Old Norse, Old Frisian tar, Old High German zahar, German Z?hre, Gothic tagr "tear"), from PIE *dakru- (cognates: Latin lacrima, Old Latin dacrima, Irish der, Welsh deigr, Greek dakryma). To be in tears "weeping" is from 1550s. Tear gas first recorded 1917.
tear (n.2)
"act of ripping or rending," 1660s, from tear (v.1). Old English had ter (n.) "tearing, laceration, thing torn."
tear (v.1)
"pull apart," Old English teran "to tear, lacerate" (class IV strong verb; past tense t?r, past participle toren), from Proto-Germanic *teran (cognates: Old Saxon terian, Middle Dutch teren "to consume," Old High German zeran "to destroy," German zehren, Gothic ga-tairan "to tear, destroy"), from PIE *der- (2) "to split, peel, flay," with derivatives referring to skin and leather (cognates: Sanskrit drnati "cleaves, bursts," Greek derein "to flay," Armenian terem "I flay," Old Church Slavonic dera "to burst asunder," Breton darn "piece").
The Old English past tense survived long enough to get into Bible translations as tare before giving place 17c. to tore, which is from the old past participle toren. Sense of "to pull by force" (away from some situation or attachment) is attested from late 13c. To be torn between two things (desires, loyalties, etc.) is from 1871.
tear (v.2)
early 15c., "shed tears," 1650s, "fill with tears" mainly in American English, from tear (n.1). Related: Teared; tearing. Old English verb t?herian, tearian "to weep" did not survive into Middle English.
例文
1. I stared at the man,couldn 't tear my eyes away.
私はその人を見つめていて、目が離せない。
2.The city will tear down the building and create a park.
市はこのビルを解体し、ここに公園を建設する。
3.A muscle tear will leave a scar after healing.
筋肉が引き裂かれて元に戻ると傷跡が残る。
4.I peered through a tear in the van 's curtains.
キャラバンカーテンの破れた穴を通って覗きました。
5.Troops used tear gas and rifle butts to break up the protests.