temper

• n. 気性；（鋼鉄などの）気質；性質；傾向
• vt.和らげる；和らげる；和らげる
• 節制する；和らげる

temper、temperから。中世の医学理論では、特に体内の4つの体液、血液、粘液、胆汁、黒胆汁の組み合わせや融合を指し、その組み合わせが人の気質や体質を決定することから、関連する意味がある。temperの語源はbad temperの略。 humorも参照のこと。

ラテン語のtemperareから、規制する、制御する、火をマスターする、時間を制御する、tempus、時間から、語源はtemporalと同じ。 比喩的な使用、すなわち、時間をマスターする。

temper

temper: [OE] The verb temper was borrowed into Old English from Latin temperāre ‘mix, blend’. This seems originally to have meant ‘mix in due proportion’, and so may have been derived from Latin tempus ‘time, due time’ (source of English temporary). The noun temper was derived from the verb in the 14th century in the sense ‘mixture of elements’, and this led on in the 17th century to ‘set of mental traits’ (a meaning that has now largely passed to the derivative temperament [15]).

The modern sense ‘ill humour’ emerged from this in the 19th century. Another meaning of Latin temperāre was ‘restrain oneself’, which has come through into the derivatives temperance [14] and temperate [14]. Other relatives include distemper and temperature. Tamper probably originated as an alteration of temper.
=> distemper, tamper, tempera, temperature

temper (v.)

late Old English temprian "to moderate, bring to a proper or suitable state, to modify some excessive quality, to restrain within due limits," from Latin temperare "observe proper measure, be moderate, restrain oneself," also transitive, "mix correctly, mix in due proportion; regulate, rule, govern, manage," usually described as from tempus "time, season" (see temporal), with a sense of "proper time or season." Meaning "to make (steel) hard and elastic" is from late 14c. Sense of "to tune the pitch of a musical instrument" is recorded from c. 1300. Related: Tempered; tempering.

temper (n.)

late 14c., "due proportion of elements or qualities," from temper (v.). The sense of "characteristic state of mind, inclination, disposition" is first recorded 1590s; that of "calm state of mind, tranquility" in c. 1600; and that of "angry state of mind" (for bad temper) in 1828. Meaning "degree of hardness and resiliency in steel" is from late 15c.

1. She was still in a temper when Colin arrived.

コリンが着いたとき、彼女はまだ怒っていた。

2.I 've never seen him get cross or lose his temper .

彼が怒ったり怒ったりするのを見たことがない。

3.Though he had a temper and could be nasty,it never lasted.

彼はかんしゃく持ちで、時には嫌いだが、いつもひとしきりだ。

4.Mick was stubborn and domineering with a very bad temper .

ミックは頑固で横暴で、性格が悪い。

5.He had a terrible temper ，and sometimes he would completely lose control.

彼の性質はとても悪く、完全に暴走することがある。