tribulation

• n.苦悩、苦難、苦痛

ラテン語のtribulare（抑制する、抑圧する、苦しめる）から、terere（回す、擦る、こする）から、語源的にはturn（回す、投げる）と同じ。

tribulation

tribulation: [13] Latin trībulum denoted an agricultural implement consisting of a wooden board with sharp stones or metal teeth underneath, used for threshing grain (it was derived from the base *trī-, a variant of *ter- ‘rub’, which also produced English attrition, contrition, detriment, detritus, diatribe, tribadism ‘lesbianism’ [19], and trite).

From this was derived the verb trībulāre ‘press’, which was used by Christian writers for ‘oppress, afflict’. And this sense provoked the derivative trībulātiō ‘affliction’, which passed into English via Old French tribulation.
=> attrition, contrition, detriment, detritus, diatribe, throw, tribadism, trite

tribulation (n.)

c. 1200, from Old French tribulacion (12c.), from Church Latin tribulationem (nominative tribulatio) "distress, trouble, affliction," noun of action from past participle stem of tribulare "to oppress, afflict," a figurative use by Christian writers of Latin tribulare "to press," also possibly "to thresh out grain," from tribulum "threshing sledge," from stem of terere "to rub" (see throw (v.)) + -bulum, suffix forming names of tools.

1. Even in our awful tribulation we were quite optimistic.

極端に苦しい時でも、私たちは非常に楽観的です。

2.Even at this point in our awful tribulation under the German scourge were quite friendly.

今、ドイツ軍に蹂躙された極端な苦痛の中でも、私たちは非常に友好的です。

3.I hate the tribulation ，I commiserate the sorrow brought by tribulation .

私は人の深い苦難を嫌い、苦難による悲しみを哀れむ。

4.Year in and year out，rejoicing in hope，patient in tribulation .

年を重ねるごとに、希望から喜びを得て、苦難の中で強靭さを保つ。

5.Rejoicing in hope,patient in tribulation .(John Kennedy,american president)

希望から喜びを得て、苦難の中で強靭さを保つ.（ケネディ米大統領）