typhoon

• n. [気象] 台風

ギリシャ語のtyphon（つむじ風）、typhus（チフス）のtyphein（煙）、またはPIE*dheub（深い、地中）のdeep（深い）から来ている可能性がある。 後に熱帯暴風雨を指すtyphoonの使用は、16世紀に南アジアと東アジア周辺に植民地を築いたポルトガル人によって初めて記述され、アラビア語のtufan（吠える風、渦巻く嵐）に由来すると言われている。アラビア語のtufan（轟く風、渦巻く嵐）に由来するとも、擬音語である可能性があるとも、アラビア語はもともとギリシャ語のtyphon（つむじ風）から借用されたとも言われている。しかし同時に、意味も綴りも中国語のtyphoonの影響を受けている。中国語の「台風」の語源もはっきりせず、広東語の「大風（dafeng）」が変化したものという説や、台湾海峡から大陸に入るため「台風（typhoon）」と短縮されたという説が一般的である。詳しくは百度百科を参照。

typhoon

typhoon: [16] A typhoon is etymologically a ‘great wind’. The word was adapted from Cantonese Chinese daai feng ‘great wind’, its form no doubt influenced by Greek Tūphón, father of the winds in Greek mythology (his name was derived from the verb túphein ‘smoke’, which also produced túphos ‘smoke’, hence ‘fever causing delusion’, source of English stew, typhoid, and typhus).

typhoon (n.)

Tiphon "violent storm, whirlwind, tornado," 1550s, from Greek typhon "whirlwind," personified as a giant, father of the winds, perhaps from typhein "to smoke" (see typhus), but according to Watkins from PIE *dheub- "deep, hollow," via notion of "monster from the depths." The meaning "cyclone, violent hurricane of India or the China Seas" is first recorded 1588 in Thomas Hickock's translation of an account in Italian of a voyage to the East Indies by Caesar Frederick, a merchant of Venice:

concerning which Touffon ye are to vnderstand, that in the East Indies often times, there are not stormes as in other countreys; but euery 10. or 12. yeeres there are such tempests and stormes, that it is a thing incredible, but to those that haue seene it, neither do they know certainly what yeere they wil come. ["The voyage and trauell of M. Caesar Fredericke, Marchant of Venice, into the East India, and beyond the Indies"]

This sense of the word, in reference to titanic storms in the East Indies, first appears in Europe in Portuguese in the mid-16th century. It aparently is from tufan, a word in Arabic, Persian, and Hindi meaning "big cyclonic storm." Yule ["Hobson-Jobson," London, 1903] writes that "the probability is that Vasco [da Gama] and his followers got the tufao ... direct from the Arab pilots."

The Arabic word sometimes is said to be from Greek typhon, but other sources consider it purely Semitic, though the Greek word might have influenced the form of the word in English. Al-tufan occurs several times in the Koran for "a flood or storm" and also for Noah's Flood. Chinese (Cantonese) tai fung "a great wind" also might have influenced the form or sense of the word in English, and that term and the Indian one may have had some mutual influence; toofan still means "big storm" in India.

From the thighs downward he was nothing but coiled serpents, and his arms which, when he spread them out, reached a hundred leagues in either direction, had countless serpents' heads instead of hands. His brutish ass-head touched the stars, his vast wings darkened the sun, fire flashed from his eyes, and flaming rocks hurtled from his mouth. [Robert Graves, "Typhon," in "The Greek Myths"]

1. The typhoon sank a ferry，drowning over 200 people.

その台風はフェリーを沈没させ、200人以上が溺死した。

2.A typhoon is now approaching Hong Kong.

台風が香港に接近している。

3.The typhoon uprooted numerous trees.

台風が多くの木を根こそぎにした。

4.In May a typhoon hit the Philippines.

5月、台風がフィリピンを襲った。

5.The typhoon hit the coastal areas.

台風が沿岸部を襲った。