wage

• vi. 実行する；着手する；従事する
• n. 賃金、対価、報酬
• vt. 進める；実行する

PIE *wadh「約束、誓い」から。語源は wed「従事する」と同じで、もともとは提供されたサービスに対して報酬を支払う約束、ひいては賃金であった。一方、戦争に行くことを約束する言葉、戦争を始める言葉として使われ、後に一般化して、運動を実行する、始めるという意味にも使われるようになった。

wage

wage: [14] Wage and gage (as in engage) are doublets – that is to say, they come from the same ultimate source, but have drifted apart over the centuries. The source in this case was prehistoric Germanic *wathjam ‘pledge’, which is also the ancestor of English wedding. It was borrowed into Old French as gage, which is where English gets gage from; but its Anglo- Norman form was wage, which accounts for English wage. Gage, engage, and the derivative wager [14] all preserve to some degree the original notion of ‘giving a pledge or security’, but wage has moved on via ‘payment’ to ‘payment for work done’.
=> engage, gage, wager, wedding

wage (n.)

c. 1300, "a payment for services rendered, reward, just deserts;" mid-14c., "salary paid to a provider of service," from Anglo-French and Old North French wage (Old French gage) "pledge, pay, reward," from Frankish *wadja- or another Germanic source (compare Old English wedd "pledge, agreement, covenant," Gothic wadi "pledge"), from Proto-Germanic *wadi- (see wed (v.)).

Also from mid-14c., "a pledge, guarantee, surety" (usually in plural), and (c. 1400) "a promise or pledge to meet in battle." The "payment for service" sense by late 14c. extended to allotments of money paid at regular intervals for continuous or repeated service. Traditionally in English wages were payment for manual or mechanical labor and somewhat distinguished from salary or fee. Modern French cognate gages (plural) means "wages of a domestic," one of a range of French "pay" words distinguished by class, such as traitement (university professor), paye, salaire (workman), solde (soldier), récompense, prix. The Old English word was lean, related to loan and representing the usual Germanic word (Gothic laun, Dutch loon, German lohn). Wage-earner attested from 1871.

wage (v.)

c. 1300, "give (something) as surety, deposit as a pledge," from Old North French wagier "to pledge" (Old French gagier, "to pledge, guarantee, promise; bet, wager, pay," Modern French gager), from wage (see wage (n.)). Meaning "to carry on, engage in" (of war, etc.) is attested from mid-15c., probably from earlier sense of "to offer as a gage of battle, agree to engage in combat" (mid-14c.). Related: Waged; waging.

1. A wage freeze was imposed on all staff earlier this month.

今月初め、すべての従業員の賃金が凍結された。

2.Women have yet to achieve wage or occupational parity in many fields.

女性は多くの分野で給料や地位の平等を勝ち取れていない。

3.The union had sought a wage increase and a shorter work week.

労働組合は賃金の増加を求め、週の労働時間を短縮している。

4.In addition to my weekly wage ，I got a lot of tips.

毎週の給料のほかに、チップをたくさんもらうことができます。

5.Many farmers have to depend on subsidies to make a living wage .

多くの農民の基本生活賃金は補助金で維持されている。